TC-3000C Bluetooth Tester Key Benefits | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| ||||||||||||||||||||||
Concentric Technology Solutions is your one source for RF Shield Boxes, RF Enclosures and Bluetooth Testers. CTS is your answer to your testing needs for off-the-shelf RF Shield Box, RF Enclosure, or powerful Bluetooth Tester when you need a power packed Bluetooth Tester to perform a complete compliance test for qualifying your design or just need to do a simple go-no-go test at a competitive price. If you're short on budget, start with the basic Bluetooth Tester which starts at about $12K and software upgradeable to full compliance testing power at under $24K. CTS can provide a customized integrated RF Shield Box or RF Enclosure Test Solution for manual or automatic testing at an off-the-shelf solution price. Many companies make RF Shield boxes, RF Enclosures or DUT fixtures but only CTS bridges the gap by providing a complete integrated RF Shield Box or RF Enclosure testing solution for providing the RF shielding needed for repeatability within your budget and schedule. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
LEARN MORE about RF Shield Boxes, RF Enclosures, Custom Test Fixtures and Bluetooth Testing solutions from CTSCORP-USA. We have the right solution at the right price. |
Saturday, December 25, 2010
Bluetooth Tester TC-3000C
Portable infrared analyser
Future regulations will, undoubtedly, focus on ways to improve accuracy and repeatability. One of the most obvious methods is the trend towards infrared and ultraviolet measurement technologies. Infrared, due to lower costs and more practical manufacturing methods will be more common. Not all gas components are optically active. One of the major exceptions is oxygen, and alternative methods will always be necessary in this case. There are enough means of measuring oxygen concentrations relatively accurately thanks to medical research anyway. The most common form of infrared analysis is the Non-Dispersive InfraRed. These sensors operate on the principle that a gas will absorb infrared radiation of a specific wavelength. Basically, it measures how much of a particular wavelength of light is absorbed over a set distance and relates this to the concentration of a particular gas. The practice is, naturally, slightly less simple due to various factors such as pressure and temperature effects as well as the non-linear response of such measurements in general.
The latest result is the portable infrared analyser. Infrared analysers were always bulky and expensive instruments requiring temperature-regulated enclosures and humidity control. Now it is possible to produce such an instrument in portable form and make this technology truly transportable. Instead of temperature and humidity control, there are measurement and electronic compensation of these factors, and such instruments can be made modular to allow the addition of extra components as it becomes necessary. Thus we have an analyser using the most modern technology at a fraction of the cost of earlier infrared fixed systems, yet retaining the accuracy associated with this technology. Particularly valuable for carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide measurement (CO and SO2), it is also widely used for carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons such as methane, which are otherwise very difficult to measure.
It is still not possible to pull yourself up by your own bootstraps! To use this type of instrument for stack testing requires the use of a high-quality sample conditioning system including an appropriate heated hose. A portable infrared analyser is just as susceptible to fogging of the optics due to condensation as its fixed brethren. Without a sample conditioner there is no hope of producing reliable and repeatable results, regardless of the quality of the instrument. Such a system will keep the sample gas at a temperature above the dew-point until it reaches a special cooler, usually a Peltier element. Here the sample is cooled quickly and the resulting water removed rapidly by a peristaltic or other pump. This prevents the soluble components from being absorbed by the moisture and also ensures that no water can penetrate the analyser system. No water is perhaps an exaggeration. It is never possible to remove 100 % of the water, but, provided the Peltier element is the coldest part of the system, there can be no condensation formed due to the low vapour pressure at points downstream of here.
This type of system used as a stack monitor will also have to reach an equilibrium state before use. In practical terms, this means that the system will have to run for about 30 minutes until it reaches a stable internal temperature before being used for measurement. This temperature will then be taken as the "zero" for all following measurements and provides a known baseline. This effect will be exaggerated in areas where air conditioning or building heating are in general use. The instrument will have to reach the temperature of the surroundings before use. In extreme cases it will be necessary to heat the casing of the portable infrared analyser to ensure that no condensation is possible inside the unit. The link will lead you to a page containing some tips for use of an infrared analyser.
Nevertheless, this represents a vast breakthrough in the accuracy of portable measurement technology, being specially suited to EPA compliance testing and the measurement of carbon dioxide and methane or other hydrocarbons. Infrared measurements of NOx and CO are also presently possible, although it is not really possible to measure NO2 directly with infrared technology.
Such instruments are now available for use when needed and a description of a portable infrared flue gas analyzer can be found by following the link.
Labels: Portable infrared analyser
Wednesday, October 20, 2010
O2 Oxygen, Single Channel, Table Top
Oxygen Analyzer for medical patient use and research with FDA 510K and CE 0197 approval. The Model O2 is a versatile research grade oxygen analyzer for measuring 5-100% oxygen concentrations. The unit includes an integrated gas sampling pump, flow controller, bright LED display for oxygen concentration and status indication, touch panel controls for ease of operation, 0-1Volt DC analog and a terminal strip with relay outputs and a 4-20ma analog output, a separate digital RS-232 output, and LEUR type front panel connection for response times. The front panel allows control of flow, alarm set-points, calibration, and other user features. The Model O2 has US FDA 510K and CE 0197 MDD clearances for human medical use and can also be used in research and other applications. Oxigraf OxiSoft software is also included with the unit for computer display and data logging under windows 2000 and XP.
98E11D33-4461-0B60-7093-EDB62735DA40
1.03.01
Labels: O2 Oxygen, Single Channel, Table Top
Item # 07-0180, Model O2iM Oxygen Deficiency Monitor
The Oxigraf O2iM may be the oxygen safety monitor you need to avoid an oxygen depletion hazard. You want a rock-solid and immediate oxygen alarm for concentration less than 19.5% in the event of a cryogenic spill leading to rapid displacement of breathing air.
| Tunable Diode Laser Spectroscopy |
| Insensitivity to Movement |
| Fast Response |
| Now Standard from Oxigraf - Auto-Calibration |
| Accuracy with Helium/Nitrogen Mixtures |
You don't need a false oxygen alarm situation. It is important that the oxygen concentration measurement be correct irrespective of the foreign gas. Some electrochemical sensors have been found to be inaccurate when helium gas dilutes the oxygen, where a helium spill is the hazard to be detected. The false positive reading was about 3%, the electrochemical sensor reading 19.5% for an actual concentration of 16.6%. The Oxigraf sensor is accurate to ±0.2% with admixtures of noble gases, hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons, CO2, and N2O among other gases tested.
The following paragraph is the abstract of a DOE paper on the subject. An Oxigraf Model O2 analyzer for was used as the reference standard for the test to evaluate various ODM units that were in use at the time by DOE facilities. This was just prior to the introduction of the Oxigraf Model O2iM, so a laboratory version was used for the testing.
Investigation of personal and fixed head Oxygen Deficiency Hazard Monitor performance for Helium Gas.
On May 14, 2001, the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (JLAB) conducted a planned liquid helium release into its accelerator tunnel to study the effectiveness of the JLAB facility to vent the helium and therefore limit the oxygen deficiency hazard (ODH). During the test, it was discovered that a wide range of various oxygen deficiency monitors, of different manufacturers, were providing substantial conflicting measurements of the true oxygen level where health effects are of concern. Yet, when tested separately with nitrogen gas as the diluting gas into air, the same models performed very well. This problem, which is associated with helium displacement of air, was found for both personal oxygen monitors and fixed installation monitors from many different manufacturers. By informing other facilities of its findings, JLAB became aware this problem also exists among other national laboratories and facilities. Many manufacturers do not have data on the effects of helium displacing air for their devices. Some manufacturers have now duplicated the test results conducted at JLAB. Since both fixed installation and personal oxygen monitors have become standard safety device in many research facilities and industries in the United States and abroad, it is important that these facilities are aware of the problem and how it is being addressed at JLAB. This paper discusses the methods, procedures and materials used by JLAB to qualify its ODH sensors for helium. Data and graphs of JLAB's findings are provided.
You may find a summary of the above study published by the Brookhaven National Laboratory at lessons learned: Oxygen Monitoring System did not recognize a potentially hazardous situation for information on the publisher, visit the website of the Brookhaven SBMS office.| Sample Flow Monitor |
| Multiport Sampling |
| Temperature, Pressure and Humidity |
Therefore, temperature and pressure corrections are important. An oxygen sensor which measures oxygen partial pressure instead of concentration would report an oxygen variation of 2% with a 10% variation in barometric pressure. The Oxigraf sensor is corrected to within ±0.2% over pressure changes of 50% and temperature changes from 0 to 50ºC.
| Remote Display |
- RS-232 & RS-485 (Modbus) communication on our Enhanced Relay Board option
- Sealed Box multi-channel status indicator.
- Hazardous Area LED multi-color status indicator.
- Control Room LED multi-light status indicator.
- Rack-Mount LED multi-light status indicator.
| RS-232 & RS-485 (Modbus) communication |
| Unit Security - Locks and Code Access |
| Battery Backup During Power Interruption |
| Z-Purge |
Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer
System Description
The Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer is a microprocessor-controlled instrument that can be supplied with oxygen measuring ranges from 0-0.5% to 0-100%. Single and three range instruments are available. Autoranging is a standard feature on all three range analyzers. The Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer is powered from 115/230 VAC, 50-60Hz, or 18- 32 VDC with optional battery backup available for certain models. Oxygen values are displayed continuously on an easy-to read, 0.4" (10.2 mm) high, 4-1/2 digit liquid crystal display (LCD). The instrument can be purchased in a variety of mechanical configurations ranging from a general purpose, portable device, to a NEMA 7 (explosion proof) system. The electronics enclosure used for the portable and panel mounted versions is made from durable polycarbonate and, together with the gasketed seals, is rated watertight NEMA 4X (IP66). The gas inlet and outlet connections on the sensor housing are quick connect types. One-quarter inch stainless steel compression fittings are available upon request.
The Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer features a patented, extended life oxygen sensor with EES (enhanced electrolyte system) . This sensor provides exceptional performance,accuracy, and stability. For applications where carbon dioxide is present in the sample gas, the EES retards passivation of the sensor anode by allowing the products of oxidation to dissolve in the electrolyte. In effect, the sensor is renewed continuously, resulting in an increase in sensor life even if exposed to limited amounts of carbon dioxide. In addition, the enhanced mechanical design of the sensor ensures longer life, and virtually eliminates leakage of electrolyte, a nagging (and expensive) problem associated with sensors that require periodic electrolyte maintenance.
The eloquence of the Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer is its ease of use. The front panel contains five switches that provide access to the instrument’s settings. Each analyzer is equipped with three oxygen alarm relays and one status alarm relay as standard equipment. All four relays are Form C (SPDT) types rated at 10 amps at 115/230 VAC and 30 VDC. Each relay is user configurable for fail-safe operation. In addition to the alarm relays, the analyzer is equipped with a built-in audible alarm, as well as three front panel LEDs for visual indication of an alarm condition.
Learn about about sample system handling for oxygen and carbon dioxide analyzers
The Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer comes equipped with two analog outputs, 4-20 mADC and 0-2 VDC, for use with recorders, dataloggers, etc. For enhanced communications, the Series 2000 Percent Oxygen Analyzer can be configured with optional RS-232C or RS-485 serial communications. For multiple point installations, the RS-485 format is capable of sending digital signals over greater distances, and controlling each monitor using the same communication channel.
98E11D33-4461-0B60-7093-EDB62735DA40
1.03.01
Oxygen Analyzer Sensor Types
Today's oxygen analyzers use one of a several types of oxygen sensors. As industrial process applications call for improved measurement accuracy and repeatability, users of oxygen analyzers are also demanding oxygen analyzers that require a minimum of maintenance and calibration. To this end, users of oxygen analyzers are encouraged to evaluate the merits of a particular oxygen sensor type in context to the application for which it is intended. There is no one universal oxygen analyzer type.
The synoptic review of the various gas phase oxygen sensors provided below should be used in conjunction with information gathered from manufacturers of oxygen analyzers. This combination will help to ensure the selection of the right sensor type for the application under consideration.
- Ambient Temperature-Oxygen Analyzer
- Electrochemical-Oxygen Analyzer
- Paramagnetic-Oxygen Analyzer
- Polarographic-Oxygen Analzyer
- Zirconium Oxide-Oxygen Analyzer
Oxygen Analyzer with Ambient Temperature Electrochemical Oxygen Sensors.
Electrochemical-Oxygen Analyzer:
The ambient temperature electrochemical sensor, often referred to as a galvanic sensor, is typically a small, partially sealed, cylindrical device (1-1/4” diameter by 0.75” height) that contains two dissimilar electrodes immersed in an aqueous electrolyte, commonly potassium hydroxide. As oxygen molecules diffuse through a semi-permeable membrane installed on one side of the sensor, the oxygen molecules are reduced at the cathode to form a positively charge hydroxyl ion. The hydroxyl ion migrates to the sensor anode where an oxidation reaction takes place. The resultant reduction/oxidation reaction generates an electrical current proportional to the oxygen concentration in the sample gas. The current generated is both measured and conditioned with external electronics and displayed on a digital panel meter either in percent or parts per million concentrations. With the advance in mechanical designs, refinements in electrode materials, and enhanced electrolyte formulations, the galvanic oxygen sensor provides extended life over earlier versions, and are recognized for their accuracy in both the percent and traces oxygen ranges. Response times have also been improved. A major limitation of ambient temperature electrochemical sensors is their susceptibility to damage when used with samples containing acid gas species such as hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, etc. Unless the offending gas constituent is scrubbed prior to analysis, their presence will greatly shorten the life of the sensor. The galvanic sensor is also susceptible to over pressurization. For oxygen analyzer applications where the sample pressure is > 5 psig, a pressure regulator or control valve is normally recommended.
- Ambient Temperature-Oxygen Analyzer
- Electrochemical-Oxygen Analyzer
- Paramagnetic-Oxygen Analyzer
- Polarographic-Oxygen Analzyer
- Zirconium Oxide-Oxygen Analyzer
Paramagnetic Oxygen Analyzer
Within this category, the magnetodynamic or `dumbbell' type of design is the predominate sensor type. Oxygen has a relatively high magnetic susceptibility as compared to other gases such as nitrogen, helium, argon, etc. and displays a paramagnetic behavior. The paramagnetic oxygen sensor consists of a cylindrical shaped container inside of which is placed a small glass dumbbell. The dumbbell is filled with an inert gas such as nitrogen and suspended on a taut platinum wire within a non-uniform magnetic field. The dumbbell is designed to move freely as it is suspended from the wire. When a sample gas containing oxygen is processed through the sensor, the oxygen molecules are attracted to the stronger of the two magnetic fields. This causes a displacement of the dumbbell which results in the dumbbell rotating. A precision optical system consisting of a light source, photodiode, and amplifier circuit is used to measure the degree of rotation of the dumbbell. In some paramagnetic oxygen sensor designs, an opposing current is applied to restore the dumbbell to its normal position. The current required to maintain the dumbbell in it normal state is directly proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen and is represented electronically in percent oxygen. There are design variations associated with the various manufacturers of magnetodynamic paramagnetic oxygen analyzer types. Also, other types of sensors have been developed that use the susceptibility of oxygen to a magnetic field which include the thermomagnetic or `magnetic wind' type and the magnetopneumatic sensor. In general, paramagnetic oxygen sensors offer very good response time characteristics and use no consumable parts, making sensor life, under normal conditions, quite good. It also offers excellent precision over a range of 1% to 100% oxygen. The magnetodynamic sensor is quite delicate and is sensitive to vibration and/or position. Due to the loss in measurement sensitivity, in general, the paramagnetic oxygen sensor is not recommended for trace oxygen measurements. Other gases that exhibit a magnetic susceptibility can produce sizeable measurement errors. Manufacturers of the paramagnetic oxygen analyzer should provide details on these interfering gases.
- Ambient Temperature-Oxygen Analyzer
- Electrochemical-Oxygen Analyzer
- Paramagnetic-Oxygen Analyzer
- Polarographic-Oxygen Analzyer
- Zirconium Oxide-Oxygen Analyzer
Polarographic Oxygen Analyzer
The oxygen analyzer that features a polarographic oxygen sensor is often referred to as a Clark Cell [J. L. Clark (1822- 1898)]. In this type of sensor, both the anode (typically silver) and cathode (typically gold) are immersed in an aqueous electrolyte of potassium chloride. The electrodes are separated from the sample by a semi-permeable membrane that provides the mechanism to diffuse oxygen into the sensor. The silver anode is typically held at a potential of 0.8V (polarizing voltage) with respect to the gold cathode. Molecular oxygen is consumed electrochemically with an accompanying flow of electrical current directly proportional to the oxygen concentration based on Faraday's law. The current output generated from the sensor is measured and amplified electronically to provide a percent oxygen measurement. One of the advantages of the polarographic oxygen sensor is that while inoperative, there is no consumption of the electrode (anode). Storage times are almost indefinite. Similar to the galvanic oxygen sensor, they are not position sensitive. Because of the unique design of the polarographic oxygen sensor, it is the sensor of choice for dissolved oxygen measurements in liquids. For gas phase oxygen measurements, the polarographic oxygen analyzer type is suitable for percent level oxygen measurements only. The relatively high sensor replacement frequency is another potential drawback, as is the issue of maintaining the sensor membrane and electrolyte.
A variant to the polarographic Oxygen Analyzer is what some manufacturers refer to as as oxygen analyzer that uses a non-depleting coulometric sensor where two similar electrodes are immersed in an electrolyte consisting of potassium hydroxide. Typically, an external EMF of 1.3 VDC is applied across both electrodes which acts as the driving mechanism for reduction/oxidation reaction. The electrical current resulting from this reaction is directly proportional to the oxygen concentration in the sample gas. As is the case with other sensor types, the signal derived from the sensor is amplified and conditioned prior to displaying. Unlike the conventional polarographic oxygen sensor, this type of sensor can be used for both percent and trace oxygen measurements. However, unlike the zirconium oxide, one sensor cannot be used to measure both high percentage levels as well as trace concentrations of oxygen. One major advantage of this sensor type is its ability to measure parts per billion levels of oxygen. The sensors are position sensitive and replacement costs are quite expensive, in some cases, paralleling that of an entire oxygen analyzer of another sensor type. They are not recommended for applications where oxygen concentrations exceed 25%.
- Ambient Temperature-Oxygen Analyzer
- Electrochemical-Oxygen Analyzer
- Paramagnetic-Oxygen Analyzer
- Polarographic-Oxygen Analzyer
- Zirconium Oxide-Oxygen Analyzer
Zirconium Oxide Oxygen Analyzer
The type of oxygen analyzer that uses this type of oxygen sensor is occasionally referred to as the “high temperature” electrochemical sensor and is based on the Nernst principle [W. H. Nernst (1864-1941)]. Zirconium oxide sensors use a solid state electrolyte typically fabricated from zirconium oxide stabilized with yttrium oxide. The zirconium oxide probe is plated on opposing sides with platinum which serves as the sensor electrodes. For a zirconium oxide sensor to operate properly, it must be heated to approximately 650 degrees Centigrade. At this temperature, on a molecular basis, the zirconium lattice becomes porous, allowing the movement of oxygen ions from a higher concentration of oxygen to a lower one, based on the partial pressure of oxygen. To create this partial pressure differential, one electrode is usually exposed to air (20.9% oxygen) while the other electrode is exposed to the sample gas. The movement of oxygen ions across the zirconium oxide produces a voltage between the two electrodes, the magnitude of which is based on the oxygen partial pressure differential created by the reference gas and sample gas. The zirconium oxide oxygen sensor exhibits excellent response time characteristics. Another virtue is that the same sensor can be used to measure 100% oxygen, as well as parts per billion concentrations. Due to the high temperatures of operation, the life of the sensor can be shortened by on/off operation. The coefficients of expansions associated with the materials of construction are such that the constant heating and cooling often causes “sensor fatigue”. A major limitation of the zirconium oxide oxygen analyzer is their unsuitability for trace oxygen measurements when reducing gases (hydrocarbons of any species, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide) are present in the sample gas. At operating temperatures of 650 degrees Centigrade, the reducing gases will react with the oxygen, consuming it prior to measurement thus producing a lower than actual oxygen reading. The magnitude of the error is proportional to the concentration of reducing gas. The zirconium oxide oxygen analyzer is the “defacto standard” for in-situ combustion control applications.
Other types of oxygen analyzer types under development and in some cases being used for specific applications. They include, but are not limited to, luminescence polarization, opto-chemical sensors, laser gas sensors, et al. As these techniques are further developed and improved, they may represent viable alternatives to the existing technologies used in today's oxygen analyzer.
Key words-Oxygen Analyzer-Trace
Oxygen Analyzer -Percent
Oxygen Analyzer - PPM
Oxygen Analyzer - Percent
Oxygen Analyzer - Industrial
Oxygen Analyzer - Medical
Oxygen Analyzer - Diving
Oxygen Analyzer -Zirconium
98E11D33-4461-0B60-7093-EDB62735DA40
1.03.01
Labels: Oxygen Analyzer Sensor Types
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
